Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology © 2012 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. TXA decreased epidermal pigmentation associated with melasma and also reversed melasma-related dermal changes, such as vessel number and increased numbers of mast cells. Type IV collagen staining was not observed in all specimens. Melasma is a common skin condition in which the body overproduces melanin, creating dark brown patches of pigment typically on the face, forehead, upper cheeks, and around the mouth. Histological analysis showed significant reduction of epidermal pigmentation, vessel numbers and mast cell counts. The erythema index scores of lesional and perilesional skin also showed a similar pattern. Interestingly, the MI scores for the perilesional skin increased. A study assessed the use of 4 N-acetyl-4-S-cysteaminylphenol in an oil-in-water emulsion in 12 patients with melasma. The mean lesional melanin index (MI) scores decreased significantly. Twenty-two subjects completed the study and no serious adverse events occurred during the study period. Cream bases were formulated with two pH values, 4.0 and 5.5, using a hot process. Fontana-Masson, anti-CD31, antitryptase and antitype IV collagen staining was performed. Concentrated 7 w/w a-arbutin cream was formulated and evaluated using O/W and W/O emulsion bases as an extemporaneous preparation for melasma treatment. Skin pigmentation and erythema was measured using a Mexameter(®) during each visit and skin biopsies were collected from eight subjects before and 8 weeks after treatment. Volunteers were instructed to take two TXA tablets three times a day and apply a TXA topical agent twice a day for 8 weeks. To elucidate the effects of oral and topical TXA on melasma.Ī clinical study was conducted with 25 women for 8 weeks from March to July 2010. However, the effects of oral and topical TXA on melasma have not been well studied and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Tranexamic acid (TXA), a plasmin inhibitor, is reported to improve melasma when injected locally. Melasma is associated with epidermal hyperpigmentation, weak basement membrane, vascular proliferation and increased numbers of mast cell.
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